The action of fish oil omega 3 fatty acids is may be the following:
- modulation of pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic eicosanoid (prostaglandin, thromboxane and leukotriene) production
- reduction in interleukin-1 and other cytokines.
The effects of omega 3 fatty acids are thought to be due to the partial replacement of arachidonic acid with EPA in cell membrane lipids. This leads to increased production of PG3 series prostaglandins, thromboxane A3 and series 5 leukotrienes at the expense of PG2 series
prostaglandins, thromboxane A2 and series 4 leukotrienes . Thromboxane A3 (produced from EPA) is less effective at stimulating platelet aggregation than thromboxane A2 (produced from
arachidonic acid). Prostaglandins of the PG3 series have less potent inflammatory effects than prostaglandins of the PG2 series. In addition, DHA inhibits the formation of the more inflammatory prostaglandins of the PG2 series, while EPA acts as a substrate for the synthesis of the less inflammatory prostaglandins of the PG3 series. Series 5 leukotrienes (produced by EPA) have weaker inflammatory effects than series 4 leukotrienes (produced by arachidonic acid).
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